Shifts in Redox Formal Potentials Accompanying the Incorporation of Cationic Complexes in Perfluoro Polycarboxylate and Polysulfonate Coatings on Graphite Electrodes

The formal potentials of several redox couples incorporated in coatings of a perfluoropolycarboxylate on graphite electrodes were measured and compared with the formal potentials of the same couples in homogeneous solution. The differences observed agreed with those calculated from the Nernst equation with the independently measured incorporationcoefficients for both halves of the redox couples. The dependences of the shifts in formal potentials on the nature of theincorporating complex ion, the ionic strength, and the temperature were determined and indicated that the incorporationequilibrium is governed by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that act in opposite directions. The incorporation ofmost cations examined was driven by large increases in entropy which overcame the usually unfavorable enthalpy changes

High Density out-of-Plane Microprobe Array

MEMS technology has been developed rapidly in the last few years. More and more special micro structures were discussed in several publications. However, all of the structures were produced by consist of the three fundamental structures, which included bridge, cantilever and membrane structures. Even the more complex structures were no exception. The cantilever with the property of simple design and easy fabrication among three kinds of fundamental structure, therefore, it was popular used in the design of MEMS device.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838

The Developmental Trajectory of Empathy and Its Association with Early Symptoms of Psychopathology in Children with and without Hearing Loss

Empathy enables people to share, understand, and show concern for others’ emotions. However, this capacity may be more difficult to acquire for children with hearing loss, due to limited social access, and the effect of hearing on empathic maturation has been unexplored. This four-wave longitudinal study investigated the development of empathy in children with and without hearing loss, and how this development is associated with early symptoms of psychopathology. Seventy-one children with hearing loss and cochlear implants (CI), and 272 typically-hearing (TH) children, participated (aged 1–5 years at Time 1). Parents rated their children’s empathic skills (affective empathy, attention to others’ emotions, prosocial actions, and emotion acknowledgment) and psychopathological symptoms (internalizing and externalizing behaviors). Children with CI and TH children were rated similarly on most of the empathic skills. Yet, fewer prosocial actions were reported in children with CI than in TH children. In both groups, affective empathy decreased with age, while prosocial actions and emotion acknowledgment increased with age and stabilized when children entered primary schools. Attention to emotions increased with age in children with CI, yet remained stable in TH children. Moreover, higher levels of affective empathy, lower levels of emotion acknowledgment, and a larger increase in attention to emotions over time were associated with more psychopathological symptoms in both groups. These findings highlight the importance of social access from which children with CI can learn to process others’ emotions more adaptively. Notably, interventions for psychopathology that tackle empathic responses may be beneficial for both groups, alike

EZH2 Modulates the DNA Methylome and Controls T Cell Adhesion Through Junctional Adhesion Molecule A in Lupus Patients

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141024/1/art40338_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141024/2/art40338.pd

Emotions in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing and Typically Hearing Children

For deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children living in an environment where their access to linguistic input and social interactions is compromised, learning emotions could be difficult, which may further affect social functioning. To understand the role of emotion in DHH children’s social life, this study investigated emotional functioning (i.e., emotion recognition, empathy, emotion expression), and its relation with social functioning (i.e., social competence and externalizing behaviors), in 55 DHH children and 74 children with typical hearing (aged 3–10 years; M_{age} = 6.04). Parental reports on children’s emotional and social functioning and factors related to DHH children’s hearing were collected. Results showed similar levels of emotional and social functioning in children with and without hearing loss. Use of auditory intervention and speech perception did not correlate with any measures in DHH children. In both groups, higher levels of empathy related to higher social competence and fewer externalizing behaviors; emotion recognition and positive emotion expression were unrelated to either aspect of social functioning. Higher levels of negative emotion expression related to lower social competence in both groups, but to more externalizing behaviors in DHH children only. DHH children in less linguistically accessible environments may not have adequate knowledge for appropriately expressing negative emotions socially

Critical heat flux on flow boiling of ethanol–water mixtures in a diverging microchannel with artificial cavities

Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Mauritius, 11-13 July, 2011.This study investigates experimentally the convective boiling heat transfer and the critical heat flux (CHF) of ethanol–water mixtures in a diverging microchannel with artificial cavities. Experimental results show that the boiling heat transfer and the CHF are significantly influenced by the molar fraction (xm) as well as the mass flux. The CHF increases from xm=0 to 0.1, and then decreases rapidly from xm=0.1 to 1 at a given mass flux of 175 kg/m2s. The maximum CHF is reached at xm=0.1 due to the Marangoni effect, indicating that small additions of ethanol into water could significantly increase the CHF. On the other hand, the CHF increases with increasing the mass flux at a given molar fraction of 0.1. None of existing correlations for the CHF on flow boiling of pure component in a microchannel could present the correct trend as the CHF data on flow boiling of ethanol–water mixtures, and none of those correlations could predict the CHF precisely. However, the experimental results of the CHF show an excellent agreement with an empirical correlation for the CHF prediction of flow boiling of the mixtures, proposed by Lin et al. [1]. That, the overall mean absolute error of this correlation is 8.49% and more than 80% of the experimental data are predicted within a ±15% error band, confirms the correlation may accurately catch the Marangoni effect on the CHF of ethanol–water mixtures (present study) as well as methanol– water mixtures (our previous study [1]), and it is expected that this correlation may be applied for other convective boiling of binary mixtures.mp201